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        Discover more about Radio Frequency Electronics and
        EMC!

              Do you recognize this situation:

              You designed a system which uses a Radio Frequency application, using one or more connections
              between a transmitter and a receiver. 

              Examples: Garage door openers, Wireless door chimes, wireless headphones,
              communication receivers, RFID tag systems, broadcast receivers, wireless internet, etc.

              Are you sure that your receiver is only sensitive for the wanted signals?     The answer is: NO!

              Each receiving system is not only sensitive for the wanted signals, but also for unwanted
              signals, even when these signals are present at completely different frequencies.

              This is an important quality issue of radio receiver specifications.

              See this list of specifications which will influence the quality of the radio system:

              1.   Sensitivity.                            Determines what's the lowest signal level which can be received
                                                                    above the noise floor.
              2.   Selectivity (bandwidth).       Represents the bandpass characteristic for the wanted signal.
              3.   Selectivity (image rejection). Applicable for superheterodyne receivers
              4.   Selectivity (desensitization). Represents how large an unwanted signal may be, before the
                                                                    sensitivity for weak wanted signals becomes worse (blocking).
              5.   Selectivity (Intermodulation, crossmodulation). Represents how large a combination of two or
                                                                    more unwanted signals may be, before a weak wanted signal is
                                                                    being interfered by these large unwanted signals.
              6.   Intermodulation free dynamic range. Is a quality figure which, in combination with the applicated
                                                                    distribution of gain and selectivity inside the receiver circuit, is a
                                                                    property to distinguish the quality of different receiver circuits.
              7.   Whistles (birdies).                Are generated inside the receiver circuit, will make the receiver
                                                                    insensitive or unusable at certain reception frequencies.
              8.   Harmonic mixing.                 Causes reception of unwanted signals, related to harmonics of the
                                                                    local oscillator frequencies.
              9.   Distribution of gain and selectivity. When this is done at a wrong way, poor quality of the
                                                                    receiver is the result. For each receiver design, an optimum for
                                                                    this issue exists.

              10. IF breakthrough.                   Occurs in superheterodyne receivers due to poor input selectivity
                                                                    and/or poor shielding of the IF (intermediate frequency) part of the
                                                                    receiver.
              11. AM breakthrough.                 Occurs in direct conversion receivers, as a special type of 2nd order
                                                                    intermodulation.

               Now available: a specialized course of receiver design and design support!
           Also available: a specialized EMC seminar!

               Requirement for the participants: Basic knowledge of Analog and Digital Electronics, basic
               knowledge of PCB design and lay-outs, up to pre-university level or Bachelor's level.

               This seminar (RF Electronics) can be organized at your site for your engineers in the English and
               in the Dutch language. It can also be combined with an EMC seminar, at reduced costs for both
               seminars when given at two succeeding days. Reduced fares are available for extra participants
               following the seminar(s) at the same time and location.

               Also, reduced fares are available for consults, related to your individual needs, when combined
               with the seminars given at your location.

               More information

          IMPORTANT: This page will regularly be updated. Use the refresh button of your browser to see the last version.  
                  Last revision of this page: October 14, 2011.
 

                  © 2009 ir. W.J. Vogel - www.mate.nl .